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|
Variable(s)
|
Items
|
α
|
Mean
|
SD
|
|---|
|
Predictor variablesa
|
|
Ageing perception
|
happy as when younger
|
.803
|
3.76
|
1.69
|
|
better than thought
| |
3.99
|
1.57
|
|
satisfied with ageing
| |
4.41
|
1.44
|
|
Self-control
|
amount of control over health
|
.771
|
7.04
|
2.45
|
|
control over social life
| |
7.78
|
2.37
|
|
control over financial situation
| |
7.54
|
2.53
|
|
Motivational forcec
|
prepared to take risks during leisure and sport
|
–
|
3.39
|
2.76
|
|
Perceived social relationship
|
people I can talk to
|
.861
|
2.55
|
.61
|
|
people I can turn to
| |
2.56
|
.60
|
|
people understand me
| |
2.41
|
.62
|
|
people I feel close to
| |
2.61
|
.57
|
|
feel part of group of friends
| |
2.30
|
.72
|
|
Spiritual/religious engagement
|
believe in god
|
.937
|
5.28
|
1.50
|
|
events unfold by a divine plan
| |
4.80
|
1.62
|
|
try hard to carry out beliefs
| |
4.87
|
1.60
|
|
find strength in religion
| |
5.04
|
1.57
|
|
Optimism
|
optimistic about own future
|
.812
|
4.44
|
1.37
|
|
expect the best in uncertain times
| |
4.33
|
1.29
|
|
expect more good things to happen
| |
4.78
|
1.28
|
|
Perceived neighbourhood safetyc
|
feel safe to walk alone after dark
|
–
|
5.28
|
1.78
|
|
Dependent variablesb,c
|
|
Often play sport/exercise
|
–
|
3.57
|
2.27
|
|
Often walk for 20 mins
|
–
|
4.18
|
2.19
|
- a Ageing perception measure used a 7-point Likert-type scale, 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree); Self-control was rated on a 10-point Likert-type scale, 0 (no control at all) to 10 (very much control); Motivational force for leisure was rated on a 10-point Likert-type scale, 0 (unwilling to take any risks) to 10 (fully prepared to take risks); Measure of social tie used a 3-point Likert-type scale, 1 (hardly ever or never) to 3 (often); Spiritual/religious engagement and optimism used a 6-point Likert-type scale,1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree); Perceived neighbourhood safety was rated on a 10-point Likert-type scale, 1 (least satisfied) to 10 (most satisfied)
- b Dependent variables used a 7-point Likert-type scale, 1 (never) to 7 (once a week)
- c Due to a single questionnaire item used, no internal consistency was examined
