Physical activity is associated with better global cognition and frontal function in overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome

Table 3 ANCOVA results of cognitive test scores by group (regular physical activity vs. no/low physical activity)

Cognitive Test	No or low physical activity N = 59	Regular physical activity N = 23	Adjusted Difference	P value^*
TMT---A	41.10 ± 12.53	38.35 ± 13.27	−1.504 (−7.800 to 4.791)	0.635
TMT---B	95.53 ± 31.63	77.74 ± 24.88	14.398 (−26.662 to −2.133)	0·022
SEMANTIC FLUENCY	18.47 ± 4.99	20.30 ± 5.53	2.033 (−0.349 to 4.414)	0·093
RAVLT TOTAL	51.25 ± 9.14	52.35 ± 8.14	1.526 (−2.630 to 5.681)	0.467
ROCF COPY	33.30 ± 2.52	33.52 ± 1.93	0.185 (−1.013 to 1.382)	0.759
ROCF RECALL	18.11 ± 5.44	20.68 ± 6.20	1.255 (−1.501 to4.010)	0.367
DIGIT SPAN DIRECT	9.12 ± 2.32	10.09 ± 2.50	0.786 (−0.438 to 2.010)	0.205
DIGIT SPAN REVERSE	5.86 ± 1.97	6.74 ± 1.91	0.971 (0.102 to 1.840)	0.029
VOSP LETTERS	19.51 ± 0.57	19.48 ± 0.67	−0.041 (−0.332 to 0.251)	0.782
VOSP NUMBERS	8.92 ± 1.18	8.91 ± 0.95	−0.100 (− 0.642 to 0.443)	0.716
SDMT	40.02 ± 9.74	46.78 ± 12.90	6.182 (1.224 to 11.139)	0.015
STROOP	33.76 ± 8.60	38.61 ± 8.97	5.303 (1.156 to 9.449)	0.013

Data are means ± SD or adjusted means (95%CI)
^*ANCOVA for group differences adjusted for Framingham risk score, diabetes, high triglycerides, BMI, education years, HADS depression score and APOE4

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